WP3 activities deal with the management of the sample collection, processing, and analysis (except clinical blood and biochemistry measures, WP2). This includes the development of a laboratory operating manual (QC/QA and SOPs). WP3 is responsible for the determination of re-infection and recrudescence cases by PCR correction and of the dynamics of gametocytemia by real-time quantitative PCR in patients receiving AL+AP or Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) in the clinical trial (in support of efficacy analyses of Studies II and IV), and for the pharmacokinetic data on AL and AL+AP (Study III). Finally, WP3 will test, as an exploratory study, whether AL+AP and AL exert differential selection of antimalarial resistance markers in African parasites, especially AP resistance (Study V). The WP3 research activities are nested into the WP2, as it requires sampling from the clinical trial patients. WP3 will interact with WP5 for data management and analysis and with WP4 for organizing the shipment of samples for entomology assays in Bobo Dioulasso.